MADRE has always opposed US military intervention in Afghanistan, knowing war would never be a sustainable way to win rights for Afghan women or anyone else for that matter. From the beginning, we wanted to help people in the US take a firm stand for a rights-based and humane US response to the attacks of 9/11. And, in 2001, we launched Justice Not Vengeance, a campaign to do just that — help people in the US formulate a progressive response to the atrocities of 9/11 and support Afghan women and the families of undocumented workers killed at the World Trade Center.